V.A. Gershkovich

Ignore process as method of consciousness

work with information

Forgetting is usually understood as passive involuntary processes. In given article the possibility of active forgetting and process of dealing with information, which is prohibited (consciously ignorable information) is analyzed. Concurrent execution of two tasks – task for memorizing and ignore task – is examined. In our experiments conducted by modified distinctive forget instruction method of studying directed forgetting, we received results, which allowed to look differently at the processing inhibited information during performing learning and memorization tasks. Subjects were presented with the list of numerical stimuli, after each of them the special cue was presented, indicating that stimulus is either to be remembered or to be ignored. That was followed by test-phase, where identification of previously memorized stimulus was examined. The control group was instructed to learn all the presented stimuli, taking into account the cue, presented after the stimulus. It was found out that there was no influence of presence of ignorable information on memorizing and learning process. There was no interference between memorized and ignored stimuli during task performing. These results allowed supposing that ignorable information is processed automatically.

Y.A. Ledovaya

How do irrelevant parameters of information

help memorizing

The series of experiments were aimed to reveal the influence of the irrelevant parameters of the information (id est, the characteristics that do not act as purposeful ones while processing this information) on the quality of memorizing this information and the quality and quantity of the errors that occur during the memorizing process. It was assumed that changes in the irrelevant characteristics of the memorized information as well as the latent regularity within it would help to avoid reccuring errors during memorizing and would make for productive changes in the erroneous hypotheses which are often generated by the consciousness.

In the experiment five-digit numbers that were divided with the help of two hyphens with the different regularity were to memorize. It was shown that the presence of the irrelevant structure in information makes the memorizing process more or less successful depending on the type of this latent structurization

E.Y. Voskresenskaya

The Generation effect and the aftereffect mechanism

The article is devoted to investigation of The Generation Effect in context of the theory of M.Allakhverdov. In Allakhverdov`s opinion, the demonstration of The Generation Effect is a result of the aftereffect of the hypotheses about the environment set up by an individual. The advantage of the retention of the elements been earlier created by the individuals themselves, over the elements, been presented for memorizing by the experimenter, is explained by the fact that the consciousness retains its own hypotheses better, because the choice between these hypotheses requires much more serious efforts. The higher retention level for the elements demanding more active work from the consciousness was expected. Also it was suggested that the difficulty of the choice effort is concerned not only with the result of memorizing the element itself, but also with the retention of the fact of its generation. The propositions have been tested and have been verified in two experiments. Other expected consequences of the mechanism of consciousness` work were also revealed. They are: the consciousness’ defense mechanism’s activity and the stable positive and negative choices’ display.