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Researchers are often unaware of these notions, however they do form kind of a "postulate" (the author designates it as a postulate of congruity"). According to this postulate activeness can and must be understood as a manifestations of man's strife for a specific ultimate goal — be it a "balance", "pleasure" or "success". Countering the postulate of congruity, as demonstrates the author, man's activity can have a non-adaptive character: in its movement it goes beyond the limits of the function of adjustment to homeostatic, hedonistic and pragmatic needs of a subject. The notion of "nonadaptiveness" loses here its usual meaning of morbid deviations from a certain norm. Nonadaptiveness of human activity means a potential of growth, development of personality in its activity. Analyzing the tendencies of movement of activity the author draws a circle of phenomena of nonadaptive activeness which he studied experimentally: danger seeking (the phenomenon of "selfless risk"), task complexity build-up, search for ambiguity, to follow the forecast, etc. A hypothesis is reviewed that in the course of activity man acquires excessive capabilities, prompting him to suprasituational actions (that is going above the threshold of situational necessity); it is the process of developing these capabilities that forms the mechanism of the activity movement. Behind each manifestation of suprasituational character thus stands the self-assignment of an internal task and its fulfillment by an individual (the author calls it the "second" task): to develop the possibilities opening up in the activity proper. In their turn suprasituational actions give rise to new relationships in life, such is the way of self-development of personality. On this way man oversteps the borderlines of his own limitations, discovering the need "to be a personality". Such need is interpreted as a modification of a more general aspiration of an individual to be reflected in other people's lives, to materialize in them his ideal presentedness and continuity. The need "to be a personality" is born in the process of assessment by an individual of his capabilities to be a subject of significant transformations in lives of other people, to become "a significant other" for another human being. The highest level of activeness of a personality is rendering by an individual his personal qualities to other people. The method of reflected subjectness elaborated by the author allows as to follow the effects of ideal presentedness of a man in other people in for of restructuring their mentality, perceptions, individual style, motivation for activity. — 147 —
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