Проблемные лекарства

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«Риск без пользы»

Хотя первоначально ДЭС назначали в надежде помочь женщинам, у которых могла быть трудная беременность, один акушер-гинеколог высказывается так: "ДЭС несет в себе риск без пользы" [44]." Не может быть оправданий дальнейшему продолжению такого риска.

Рекомендации к действию

  1. ДЭС следует запретить и как лекарственный продукт для людей, и для использования в качестве стимуляторов роста у животных, выращиваемых для употребления людьми.
  2. Правительствам следует изучить масштаб этой проблемы и по возможности выявить всех людей, подвергавшихся воздействию ДЭС, и предоставить им полную, точную информацию о проблемах, с которыми они могут столкнуться, а также обеспечить им необходимую медицинскую помощь.
  3. Работники здравоохранения должны быть информированы о том, как распознавать признаки воздействия ДЭС, и осуществлять мониторинг и лечение связанных с ним проблем здоровья.
  4. Университетам и работникам здравоохранения следует предпринять дальнейшие исследования последствий, которые воздействие ДЭС могло иметь на матерей, их детей и детей их детей (так называемое третье поколение).

Источники

  1. Laitman, C., "DES on preScription: it's time for Europe to act", Scientific European, Oct 1990,
    pp27-9.
  2. Cynthia Laitman is a biologist and writer and is the author of one of the first books on DES - DES: the complete story, New York, St Martin's Press, 1981.
  3. Brackbill, Y. and Berendes, H.W., "Dangers of diethylstilboestrol: Review of a 1953 paper", Lancet, 2 Sept 1978.
  4. Anon., "Diethylstilboestrol - effects of exposure in utero", Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, Vol 29, No 13, 24 Jun 1991, pp49-50.
  5. Laitman, op cit.
  6. WHO, Drug Information, Doc No PDT/ DI/S4.4, Geneva, Oct-Dec 1984, pp8-10.
  7. Smith, O.W., "Diethylstilbestrol in the prevention and treatment of complications of pregnancy", American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol 56, 1948, pp821-34.
  8. Stillman, R.J., "In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: adverse effects on the reproductive tract and reproductive performance in male and female offspring", American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol 142, No 7, 1 Apr 1982, pp905-21.
  9. Martin, L., "The DES issue", Protect Yourself, Sep 1983, pp42-4.
  10. Cody, P., "A history of the DES action movement", in: Mintzes, B. (ed.), DES: A Drug with Consequences for Current Health Policy, Utrecht, DES Action The Netherlands, 1990, pp10-12.
  11. von Eickstedt, K.-W., "Sex hormones and related compounds including hormonal contraceptives", in: Dukes, M.N.G. and Beeley, L., (eds), Side Effects of Drugs Annual 14, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1990, pp343-64.
  12. Dickmann, WJ., Davis, M.E., et al, "Does the administration of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy have therapeutic value?", American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol 66, 1953, pp1062-81.
  13. Brackbill and Berendes, op cit.
  14. Geschickter, C.T., "Mammary carcinoma in rat with metastasis induced by estrogen", Science, Vol 89, 1939, p35; Shimkin, M.B., Grady, H.G., "Carcinogenic potency of stilbestrol and estrone in strain C3H mice", Journal of the National Cancer Institutes, Vol 1, 1940, p19.
  15. 't Hoen, E., "Diethylstilbestrol, the effects on the health of users and their children", in: Harden, A. (ed.), Women and Pharmaceuticals Bulletin, Amsterdam, Wemos/HAI International Group on Women and Pharmaceuticals, Nov 1990, pp5-7.
  16. United Nations, Consolidated List of Products Whose Consumption and/or Sale Have Been Banned, Withdrawn, Severely Restricted or Not Approved by Governments, 2nd issue, Doc No ST/ESA/192, New York, 1987, p38.
  17. Direcks, A. and 't Hoen, E., "DES: the crime continues" in McDonnell, K. (ed.), Adverse Effects: Women and the Pharmaceutical Industry, Penang, IOCU, 1986, pp41-9.
  18. Anon., "Diethylstilboestrol - effects of exposure in utero", Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, Vol 29, No 13, 24 Jun 1991, pp49-50.
  19. RakusenJ., "DES", in: Phillips, A., Rakusen, J. (eds) and the Boston Women’s Health Collective, The New Our Bodies, Ourselves (2nd UK edition), London, Penguin Books, 1989, p520.
  20. AMA, Drug Evaluations, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., (6th edn) 1986, p701.
  21. Anon., Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, op cit, pp49-50.
  22. AMA, op cit, p701.
  23. Senekjian, E.K., Potkul, R.K., et al, "Infertility among daughters either exposed or not-exposed to diethylbesterol", American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol 158, 1988, pp493-8; Barnes, A.B., Colton, Т., et al, "Fertility and outcome of pregnancy in women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol", New England Jornal of Medicine, Vol 302, 1980, pp609-13; Stillman, op cit.
  24. Kleiverda, G., "How can we provide appropriate care for DES-exposed women?", in: Mintzes, op cit, pp14-18.
  25. Ibid.
  26. Leary, F.J., Resseguie, L.J., et al, "Males exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol", Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol 252, 1984, pp2984-9.
  27. Gill, W.B., Schumacher, G.F.B., et al, "Assocation with diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero with cryptorchidism, testicul arhypoplasma and semen abnormalities", Journal of Urology, Vol 122, 1979, ррЗ6-9; Gill, W.B., Schumacher, G.F.B., et al, "Male genital tract changes in humans following intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol", in; Herbst, A.L. and Bern, H.A. (eds), Developmental Effects of Diethylstilbestrol (DES) in Pregnancy, New York, Thieme Stratton, 1981, pp103-19.
  28. Anon., Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, op cit.
  29. Anon., "Odd-shaped uteri mark daughters of DES women", Medical Tribune, 19 July 1977.
  30. Gilman, A.G., Rail, T.W., Nies, A.S., and Taylor, P., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, New York, Pergamon Press, (8th edn) 1990, pp1390 and 1393.
  31. AMA, op cit, p701.
  32. Gilman, et al, op cit, p1395.
  33. AMA, op cit, p699.
  34. Enkin, M., Keirse, M. and Chalmers, I., A Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1989, p336.
  35. DES Task Force, Summary Report, DHEW Pub No (NIH) 79-1688, Washington, Dept of Health, Education and Welfare, 21 Sep 1978, p14.
  36. BMA and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, British National Formulary, London, BMA and The Pharmaceutical Press, No 23, Mar 1992, p280.
  37. Physicians' Desk Reference, Oradell, NJ, Medical Economics Company, 44th edn, 1990, p1211.
  38. Henry, J., (ed.), The British Medical Association Guide to Medicines & Drugs, London, Dorling Kindersley, (2nd edn) 1991, p373.
  39. WHO, op cit.
  40. Tan, M.L., Dying for Drugs: Pill power and politics in the Philippines, Manila, Health Action Information Network, 1988, p106.
  41. Jopling, M., "The growth factor", The Guardian, 29 July 1986.
  42. Anon., "FDA bans DES in animals", The Nation's Health, Aug 1979.
  43. Schell, O., Modern Meat, New York, Random House, 1984, pp253-4.
  44. Stillman, op cit.



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